翻訳コラム

TPP締結による著作権法改正により、「技術的利用制限手段」を解除することが著作権侵害となります。技術的利用制限手段はDRM(Digital Rights Management)などコンテンツに対するアクセス制限であり、コンテンツを暗号化して視聴制限する手段です。Windows Media DRM、Adobe LiveCycle Rights Management ESなどです。
改正以前(現在の著作権法)でも、アクセス制限を解除して私的使用であってもコンテンツを複製することは違法です。しかし刑事罰はありません(これを解除するための装置、プログラムの複製物の販売、貸与等は刑事罰があります。)
改正以前の法律(現在の著作権法)には「技術的保護手段」と規定されています。これはマクロビジョンのようなコピーガードのみを指すのではなく、アクセス制限も含まれます。つまり現在の著作権法でもアクセス制限については規定されているのですが、改正法により、アクセス制限を解除すること自体が侵害とみなされます(新著作権法113条3項)。
技術的利用制限手段(アクセス制限)は「技術的保護手段」という概念の一つであり、今回の改正法では技術的利用制限手段を抜き出して、これを解除することが違法であることを定めています。

Hello readers! It has been a while hasn't it? Today I would like to talk again about the amended copyright act.
According to the amended copyright act from the TPP agreement, any sort of getting around a “technological use restricting measure" would be an act of copyright violation. “Technological use restricting measures" are measures that limit the viewing of media content through encryptions, such as a DRM (Digital Rights Management) program. As such, programs like Windows Media DRM and Adobe LiveCycle Rights Management ES etc. are also counted as “technological use restricting measures".
In the pre-amended acts (aka the currently enforced laws) any sort of reproduction of media content, weather it be something that was viewed by accessing privately restricted media (technologically protected media) or not, is illegal. However there are no penalties for violations. (But there is a penalty for either selling or loaning out devices that get around technological use restricting measures, or selling or loaning out the reproduced materials themselves.)
In the pre-amended copyright acts (Which again is the currently enforced acts) all “technological protection measures" are regulated. These regulations apply not only to copy guards such as Macrovision etc., but includes any sort of access restricting agents. That is to say, under the currently enforced system access limiting agents are regulated, but under the amended system the act of going around restricted access agents is an act of copyright infringement. (Refer to article 113(3) of the new copyright act)
A “technological use restricting measure" (a media access limiting agent) is in part considered to be a “technological protection measure", and as such under the amended acts the process of releasing a means to get around a technological protection measure is defined as illegal conduct.